Definition and History of Photography

Definition of Photography

Photography which comes from the Greek word is "Photos": light and "Grafo": Painting) is the process of painting / writing using light media.

Photography means a process or method to generate images or pictures of an object by recording the reflection of light on the objects on light sensitive media. The most popular tool to capture this light is the camera. Without light, there is no photograph that can be made.

To generate the appropriate light intensity to produce an image, use the help of a measuring tool in the form of lightmeter. Having got the measure of proper lighting, a photographer can adjust the light intensity by changing the combination of ISO / ASA (ISO Speed), Diaphragm (Aperture), and Shutter Speed ​​(Speed). The combination of ISO, diaphragm and Speed ​​called the Exposure (Exposure). In the era of digital photography where the film is not used, then the film speed that you used originally evolved into Digital ISO.

History of Photography

The history of photography began in the 19th century. 1839 is the year of the beginning of the birth of photography. At that time, in France declared officially that photography is a technological breakthrough. At that time, recording a two-dimensional as the eye can be made permanent.

The history of photography began long before AD. In the 5th century BCE (BCE), a man named Mo Ti observe a phenomenon. If the walls of a dark room there is a small hole (pinhole), then on the inside of that space will be reflected in the view of the outside of the room upside down through the hole. Mo Ti was the first to realize the phenomenon of the camera obscura.

Centuries later, many are aware of and admire this phenomenon, namely Aristotle in the 3rd century BC and a scientist Arab Ibn Al Haitam (Al Hazen) in the 10th century BC, which seeks to create and develop tools that are now known as the camera. In 1558, an Italian scientist, Giambattista della Porta called the "camera obscura" in a box that helps the painter captures the shadow image.

Name of the camera obscura was created by Johannes Kepler in 1611. Johannes Kepler makes the camera portable design that made such a tent, and gave the name of the device camera obscura. Inside the tent was very dark except for a light captured by the lens, which forms pictures circumstances outside his tent on a piece of paper.

Artists in the 19th century using the camera obscura to sketch

Various study started at the beginning of the 17th century, the Italian scientist - Angelo Sala use sunlight to record a series of words on a plate of silver chloride. But he failed to maintain the image permanently. Around 1800, Thomas Wedgwood, an Englishman experiment to record a positive image of the image in the camera obscura lens, the results are very disappointing. Humphrey Davy experimented further with silver chloride, but fared equally well despite already managed to capture images through a camera obscura without a lens.

Finally, in 1824, an artist lithography France, Joseph-Nicéphore Niepce (1765-1833), after eight hours exposed clicking the view from his bedroom window, through a process called Heliogravure (process works similar to lithograph) on a metal plate coated with bitumen , successfully delivered a rather vague picture, also managed to maintain the image permanently. He continued experimenting until 1826, is what eventually became the actual early history of photography. The resulting image is now stored at the University of Texas in Austin, US.

Study after study continues to pata dated August 19, 1839, the opera stage designer who is also a painter, Louis-Jacques Mande 'Daguerre (1787-1851) was crowned as the first person to successfully make the actual picture: a permanent image on a sheet of copper plate silver coated with iodine solution irradiated for half an hour to direct light by heating mercury (fluorescent). This process is called the daguerreotype. To make the image permanent, washable plates Asir solution of common salt and distilled. January 1839, Daguerre actually wanted to patent it. However, the French Government thinks that the findings should be shared around the world for free.

“Boulevard du Temple” The first photograph generally recognized, created by Louis Daguerre

Photography then develop very quickly. Through the company Eastman Kodak, George Eastman developed the photography to create and sell a roll of film and camera box that practical, in line with developments in the world of photography through improved lens, shutter, film and photographic paper.

1950, to facilitate shooting on a Single Lens Reflex camera then start to use the prism (SLR), and Japan began to enter the world of photography with Nikon camera production was followed by Canon. 1972 Polaroid findings of Edwin Land began to be marketed. Polaroid camera capable of producing images without going through the process of developing and printing films

Nikon D5 is a Professional grade camera manufacturer Nikon

Canon 1DX Mark II is a Professional grade camera manufacturer Canon

Advances in technology helped spur of photography is very fast. If the first camera of the tent can only produce an image that is not too sharp, digital cameras now are no larger than a wallet capable of making very sharp images in the size of a newspaper.